Botiidae

Tiger Loach

Syncrossus hymenophysa

The Tiger Loach, also known as the Tiger Botia or Green Tiger Loach (scientific name Syncrossus hymenophysa), belongs to the family Botiidae. Its limited suitability for a community aquarium is due to its complex temperament, which requires careful selection of tankmates, as well as specific keeping conditions that are not always straightforward. This species is not recommended for beginner aquarists.

Tank
from 300 L (79 gal)
Temperature
25 – 30 °C (77 – 86 °F)
Size in aquarium
15 – 21 cm (5.9 – 8.3 in)
Acidity
pH 6.5–7.5
Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Sumatra area
  • Borneo area
  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Myanmar

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
25 – 30 °C (77 – 86 °F)
Water pH
Neutral (6.5) – Neutral (7.5)
Water dH
Very soft (1) – Hard (12)
Water salinity
no salt (freshwater)
Size in aquarium
15 – 21 cm (5.9 – 8.3 in)
Lifespan
7 years
Temperament
Aggressive Aggressive / incompatible / unfriendly
Toward small fish
not a predator
Required aquarium volume
from 300 L (79 gal)
Lighting
dimmed
Substrate
fine sand
Water flow
weak or moderate
Swimming level
near the bottom
Feeding
Sinking (any)
Keeping
Small group 5–6 individuals
Jumping
high a tight-fitting lid is essential
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (small group (5–6 individuals)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adults can range in length from 15 to 21 cm, with females being larger than males. Other external differences between the sexes are not as pronounced. The coloration of adult Tiger Loaches is characterized by a yellowish background with thin vertical green stripes. Juveniles are gray, and the yellow pigments develop as they mature.

Habitat

The natural habitat of this species includes river systems on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan (Borneo), as well as territories in peninsular Malaysia. Notably, wild populations on mainland Malaysia have likely disappeared; the last documented sighting was in 1955. These fish inhabit rivers and lakes, and during the rainy season, when adjacent areas are flooded, they migrate there to spawn. This means their natural environment is characterized by a variety of biotopes with variable water conditions. Typically, they prefer to stay near the banks among aquatic vegetation, submerged snags, and various woody debris.

Behavior and Compatibility

Their attitude towards smaller fish is quite unfriendly. They can also harm larger tankmates if they have long, flowing fins, such as ornamental goldfish or bettas. Keeping them with species of comparable size that inhabit the mid-water or surface is acceptable. Intraspecific relationships are based on a hierarchy, from strong individuals to weaker ones, with no noted conflicts among conspecifics. It is recommended to acquire a group of at least 5–6 fish; with fewer numbers, their behavior may become aggressive.

Care and Maintenance

For a group of 5–6 fish, an aquarium of at least 300 L is recommended. The setup can include a substrate of sand or fine gravel, several snags, and areas planted with aquatic vegetation. In general, the choice of decor elements is not critical, as the fish can successfully adapt to various conditions. However, water quality plays a crucial role in keeping this loach species. The accumulation of organic waste and sharp fluctuations in key hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and dGH, are unacceptable. In addition, a high level of dissolved oxygen must be ensured, which can be a challenge since the Tiger Loach prefers warm water, and as is known, oxygen retention is poor in warm water. In such cases, an additional aeration system will help.

Diet

Regarding feeding, this species is undemanding. The Tiger Loach readily consumes most common foods, whether dry, frozen, or live. It is important to consider two main conditions: the food must be sinking and contain plant components. To enrich their diet, once a week they can be offered finely chopped fresh vegetables and fruits, such as cucumber, melon, spinach, or zucchini.

Breeding and Reproduction

In natural conditions, spawning coincides with the rainy season and is characterized by the migration of fish to flooded areas where eggs are laid. Thus, the stimulus for reproduction is a complex set of factors, the reproduction of which in an artificial aquarium environment presents a significant challenge. Mass breeding of this species is carried out in specialized fish farms using hormonal injections.

Diseases

Non-ornamental fish species that have retained a close resemblance to their wild relatives usually exhibit high endurance, strong immunity, and resistance to various diseases. The occurrence of health problems most often indicates unsuitable keeping conditions. Therefore, before proceeding with treatment, it is strongly recommended to check the water quality and parameters. Only after all indicators have been brought back to normal should treatment begin, if it is still necessary.

How to choose

When choosing Tiger Loaches, pay attention to the activity and appearance of the individuals. Healthy fish should be curious, active, and have clean, undamaged fins. It is important to avoid specimens showing signs of stress, as their coloration fades significantly in this state, and the characteristic stripes become difficult to distinguish. Examine the area around the mouth: the barbels should be intact, without damage, as their absence indicates improper keeping conditions. — Avoid fish with sunken bellies or signs of emaciation, which may indicate internal parasites. — Prefer individuals that actively respond to food and do not show signs of apathy or constant lying on the bottom. — Keep in mind that this species exhibits high intraspecific aggression, so it is best to acquire a group of 5–8 individuals simultaneously to minimize stress from relocation and hierarchical conflicts.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Tiger Loach get?

An adult reaches 15–21 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Tiger Loach need?

The recommended volume is 300 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Tiger Loach need?

Temperature 25–30 °C, pH 6.5–7.5, hardness 1–12 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Tiger Loach live?

Around 7 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Tiger Loach aggressive?

Temperament: aggressive / incompatible / unfriendly. Keep this in mind when choosing tank mates.

How many Tiger Loach should be kept together?

Recommended setup: small group (5–6 individuals). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Tiger Loach eat?

Diet type: sinking (any). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Tiger Loach?

The scientific name of the species is Syncrossus hymenophysa, family Botiidae. It also appears in the literature as: Botia hymenophysa, Botia hymeophysa, Cobitis hymenophysa.

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Other scientific names
Botia hymenophysa, Botia hymeophysa, Cobitis hymenophysa, Hymenophysa macclellandi
Family
Botiidae
Categories
Loaches
Conservation status
Least concernLC