Armored Catfish (Callichthyidae)

Wavy Corydoras

Corydoras undulatus

Corydoras undulatus, or Wavy Corydoras (scientific name Corydoras undulatus), belongs to the family Callichthyidae, known as Armored Catfish. This small catfish originates from the waters of South America; specifically, it can be found in the lower reaches of the Paraná River, as well as in some neighboring river systems in southern Brazil and adjacent areas of Argentina. Its preferred habitats are the bottom layers of water in small rivers, streams, and their tributaries.

Tank
from 50 L (13 gal)
Temperature
22 – 26 °C (72 – 79 °F)
Size in aquarium
4 cm (1.6 in)
Acidity
pH 6–8
Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Southern Brazil area
  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Uruguay

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
22 – 26 °C (72 – 79 °F)
Water pH
Slightly acidic (6) – Slightly alkaline (8)
Water dH
Very soft (2) – Very hard (25)
Water salinity
no salt (freshwater)
Size in aquarium
4 cm (1.6 in)
Lifespan
5 years
Temperament
Peaceful, calm/shy/inactive
Toward small fish
not a predator
Required aquarium volume
from 50 L (13 gal)
Lighting
dimmed or moderate
Substrate
soft silted
Water flow
weak or moderate
Swimming level
near the bottom
Feeding
Sinking (any)
Keeping
Small group 3–4 individuals
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (small group (3–4 individuals)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adults of this catfish reach just over 4 cm in length. Its body appears stocky and robust, and its fins are short. In this species, the scales are transformed into rows of plates, which provide reliable protection against potential predators. Another protective feature is the first rays of the fins: they are thickened and pointed at the ends, forming a kind of spine. The fish's coloration is dark, complemented by light stripes and speckles that form a characteristic pattern.

Habitat

The Wavy Corydoras inhabits South America, primarily in the basin of the lower Paraná River and coastal waters of southern Brazil and Argentina. It is a demersal fish, preferring to stay in the lower water layers among dense vegetation, where it finds shelter. In nature, the species is adapted to a tropical climate with water temperatures of 22–26 °C, a wide pH range from 6.0 to 8.0, and hardness of 2–25 dGH.

Behavior and Compatibility

This catfish is known for its peaceful and friendly disposition. It prefers the company of its own kind rather than solitude. Corydoras undulatus coexists perfectly with other Corydoras species, as well as with non-aggressive fish of comparable size. Good tank mates for it include popular aquarium inhabitants such as Danios, Rasboras, and various small Tetras.

Care and Maintenance

For a small group of six individuals, the optimal aquarium volume starts from 50 liters. When arranging decor, it is important to consider the need for a soft substrate and several shelters. These shelters can be natural materials, such as snags or dense plant thickets, or artificial decorative elements. The Wavy Corydoras originates from a tropical climate and does well in water of 22–26 °C. This allows it to be successfully kept even in aquariums without additional heating.

Diet

In its natural environment, this species feeds on small invertebrates, including worms, crustaceans, and insects, and also consumes organic plant matter. In aquarium conditions, Corydoras readily eat high-quality specialized dry foods in the form of sinking tablets or granules, as well as frozen foods such as bloodworms, daphnia, or brine shrimp. A varied diet is recommended to maintain the health and activity of the fish.

Breeding and Reproduction

Breeding occurs in a spawning tank, where a pair or group of fish lays eggs on a substrate, such as plant leaves or glass. The spawning process is often stimulated by water changes. The female attaches the eggs to the chosen spot, after which fertilization is carried out by the male. The parents do not care for their offspring and may eat the eggs, so the adults should be removed after spawning is complete. Fry begin to feed independently after the yolk sac has been absorbed.

Diseases

The species has a typical sensitivity for armored catfish to water quality, especially to the accumulation of organic waste in the substrate. If keeping conditions are violated, fin and skin lesions from bacterial infections are possible. The fish are extremely sensitive to certain chemical preparations and salts used in aquaristics, so treatment should be carried out with caution. Prevention involves maintaining a clean bottom and regular water changes.

How to choose

When purchasing, choose active fish with clean skin, free of visible spots, sores, or fin damage. Healthy individuals should exhibit natural behavior for the species, actively exploring the substrate in search of food. Avoid purchasing fish from aquariums where dead individuals or specimens showing signs of emaciation have been observed, as this may indicate hidden infections or poor keeping conditions in the store.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Wavy Corydoras get?

An adult reaches 4 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Wavy Corydoras need?

The recommended volume is 50 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Wavy Corydoras need?

Temperature 22–26 °C, pH 6–8, hardness 2–25 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Wavy Corydoras live?

Around 5 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Wavy Corydoras aggressive?

Temperament: peaceful, calm/shy/inactive. Keep this in mind when choosing tank mates.

How many Wavy Corydoras should be kept together?

Recommended setup: small group (3–4 individuals). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Wavy Corydoras eat?

Diet type: sinking (any). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Wavy Corydoras?

The scientific name of the species is Corydoras undulatus, family Armored Catfish (Callichthyidae).

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Categories
Corydoras
Conservation status
Least concernLC