Aphyosemion cameronense

Pronounced sexual dimorphism is a characteristic feature of this species. Males reach a length of up to 4 cm and are distinguished by their bright, variegated coloration, combining blue and red hues. Females, in contrast, are larger, growing up to 6 cm, but their coloration is significantly less vibrant than that of the males.

The natural habitats of this species are found in equatorial Africa. Despite its name, its range is significantly wider than Cameroon and also includes the northern parts of Gabon, Congo, and Equatorial Guinea. The fish prefers shallow streams and ponds hidden under the thickets of humid tropical forests. A typical biotope usually consists of a shallow body of water with dim lighting, where plant organic matter accumulates at the bottom—fallen leaves, branches, and tree roots. The substrate consists predominantly of silt and other bottom deposits.

Males exhibit belligerent behavior towards each other, actively competing for territory. They are also not very tolerant of females outside the breeding period. Smaller individuals are constantly attacked by larger ones. The presence of shelters somewhat helps to reduce the level of aggression. Such behavior can also extend to other representatives of closely related species.

For 4–5 individuals, an aquarium of 30–40 liters will be optimal. In terms of decor, soft dark substrate and dense thickets of plants, including floating species, are preferred. Lighting should be subdued. These fish require soft, slightly acidic water, as well as relatively cool conditions for tropical species: the temperature should not exceed 23°C. The latter can be a problem in the summer, as cooling the water will be required instead of heating. It is also important to consider that the fish do not tolerate strong currents in the aquarium, which is often a consequence of the filtration system's operation. Therefore, it is recommended to use a simple air-driven filter that does not create excessive water movement.

Aphyosemion cameronense is an omnivorous fish and can be accustomed to dry freeze-dried foods. Nevertheless, many aquarists note that these fish show a particular preference for live or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, Artemia, large Daphnia, and Drosophila fruit flies.

In conditions of an unstable natural environment, where shallow bodies of water can completely dry out, turning into muddy puddles, these fish have developed a unique breeding strategy. They lay their eggs on the substrate or among dense plant thickets. If the body of water dries out, the eggs enter a state of "suspended animation," awaiting the arrival of rains. In such circumstances, the incubation period can last several months. If the water level remains stable, the fry emerge after 14–20 days.

Creating suitable living conditions minimizes the risk of disease. The use of live food can pose a certain threat, as it is often a carrier of parasites. However, the strong immune system of a healthy fish successfully copes with such challenges.

When selecting individuals, it is necessary to pay attention to their activity and the cleanliness of their skin. Healthy fish should show interest in their surroundings, have no visible fin damage, ulcers, or white film on their bodies. Avoid purchasing fish that stay at the water surface, breathe heavily, or show signs of emaciation, as the species is sensitive to transport conditions and can be susceptible to diseases under stress. It is advisable to acquire young individuals, as they adapt more easily to new keeping conditions.