Crown Pearlscale

The Crown Pearlscale is a selectively bred form of goldfish, distinguished by its spherical or egg-shaped body and characteristic convex, pearlescent scales resembling pearls. A distinctive feature of this variation is the presence of a fatty growth on its head, which enlarges with age and resembles a crown. The fins are typically short, and the caudal fin is forked. Coloration varies from classic orange and red to white, black, and calico. Sexual dimorphism becomes noticeable during spawning: males develop small white tubercles on their gill covers and pectoral fins, while females acquire a more rounded abdomen.

This species is an artificially bred selective form and does not occur in nature. All representatives of the breed originate from the Chinese silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus. In natural conditions, the ancestors of goldfish inhabit freshwater bodies with slow currents; however, this decorative form requires strictly aquarium conditions with controlled water parameters.

These fish are characterized by a calm and peaceful, but extremely slow, temperament. Due to their specific body structure, they are not active swimmers and often lose out in competition for food to faster tankmates. It is recommended to keep them in a species-specific tank or with other slow-moving goldfish varieties. Aggressive or overly active species can injure Pearlscales and deprive them of food.

A spacious aquarium is required for their keeping, as these fish produce a lot of organic waste. Powerful filtration and regular water changes are essential. Water parameters: temperature 18–22 °C, pH 6.0–8.0, hardness 5–19 dGH. For substrate, large sand or rounded gravel without sharp edges is preferred to avoid damaging their delicate scales and body. Lighting should be moderate. It is important to avoid sharp decorations that the fish might injure themselves on.

The fish are omnivores, but their digestive system requires special attention. The diet should consist predominantly of plant components, making up to 70% of the total food intake. It is recommended to use specialized dry foods for goldfish in the form of sinking pellets or flakes, and to add blanched vegetables to their menu. Feeding should be done 1–2 times a day in small portions that the fish consume within a few minutes; leftover food must be removed to prevent water pollution.

Breeding is possible in aquarium conditions; fish reach sexual maturity by 2 years of age. Spawning is stimulated by gradually raising the water temperature by several degrees. A pair or group of fish is usually used for spawning. Eggs are laid on fine-leaved plants. After spawning is complete, the parents should be removed to prevent them from eating the eggs. Fry require high-quality care, clean water, and specialized starter food.

This species is predisposed to gastrointestinal diseases, often arising from improper feeding. Due to their rounded body shape, these fish are susceptible to swim bladder disorders, which manifest as loss of coordination and swimming sideways or upside down. They are also sensitive to water quality; under poor conditions, fungal infections and bacterial skin infections are possible. Prevention includes maintaining cleanliness and a balanced diet.

When purchasing, select active individuals with clean, dense scales showing no signs of damage, ulcers, or film. It is important to check that the fish maintains its balance in the water and does not have a bloated or sunken abdomen. Avoid specimens that constantly lie at the bottom or near the surface, as well as those with missing individual scales, as ordinary, non-pearlescent scales will grow in their place.