Pearlscale

The Pearlscale is a selectively bred goldfish variety characterized by its spherical, bloated body. A distinctive feature is its large, convex, dome-shaped scales, resembling pearls. Adult specimens reach about 10–15 cm in length. The fins are usually short, and the caudal fin is forked. Coloration varies from orange and red to white, black, and calico. Sexual dimorphism becomes apparent during spawning: males develop small white tubercles on their gill covers and pectoral fins, while females appear rounder and more massive.

The Pearlscale is a selectively bred form of goldfish, artificially developed in China during the Qing Dynasty (1848–1925). This species does not occur in the wild, so there is no natural habitat or biotope. All environmental parameters necessary for life are created exclusively under aquarium conditions.

This is a peaceful, calm, and slow-moving fish. Due to its body structure, it swims slowly and clumsily, and thus may lose out in competition for food with more active species. It is recommended to keep them in a species-specific tank or with other slow-moving goldfish varieties. These fish are social and feel comfortable in a group.

For keeping a single specimen, an aquarium of at least 75 liters is required, as these fish produce a lot of organic waste. Water parameters: temperature 18–22°C, pH 6.5–8.0, hardness 5–20° dGH. Powerful filtration and regular water changes are necessary. In terms of decor, sharp decorations should be avoided, as the fish can damage its delicate scales. Hard-leaved or floating plants are preferable, as the fish tend to dig up the substrate and damage delicate greenery.

They are omnivorous, and their diet should include both plant and animal components. Due to the specific structure of their digestive system, they are prone to swim bladder problems and constipation. It is recommended to use high-quality sinking foods that are pre-soaked. It is beneficial to periodically add blanched vegetables, such as skinned peas, to their diet.

Breeding is possible in a spawning tank with a mesh at the bottom to protect the eggs. Spawning is stimulated by a gradual increase in water temperature. After spawning, the parents must be removed, as they will eat the eggs. Fry begin to feed on infusoria or specialized starter foods. The unique pearl-like scales begin to appear at approximately two months of age.

The species is predisposed to swim bladder diseases and intestinal disorders due to its compact body. These fish are also sensitive to water quality, which, with poor care, often leads to fin rot and other bacterial infections. Prevention involves maintaining water cleanliness, proper feeding, and eliminating stress factors.

When purchasing, choose active fish with bright coloration and a full set of scales, as damaged "pearls" do not regenerate to their original form. It is important to inspect the fish for any signs of lethargy, fin damage, or unnatural abdominal bloating. It is recommended to acquire specimens that swim evenly, without tilting to the side or floating to the surface.