Pearlscale

The pearlscale is a selectively bred goldfish strain with a characteristic spherical, bloated body. The distinctive feature is the large, convex, dome-shaped scales that resemble pearls. Adults reach about 10–15 cm in length. The fins are usually short, and the tail is forked. Colour varies from orange and red to white, black, and calico. Sexual differences appear during spawning: males develop small white bumps on the gill covers and pectoral fins, while females appear more rounded and robust.

The pearlscale is a selectively bred form of goldfish, artificially developed in China during the Qing dynasty (1848–1925). This variety does not occur in the wild, so there is no natural range or biotope. All environmental parameters needed for the fish to live are created solely in the aquarium.

This is a peaceful, calm, and inactive fish. Because of its body structure, it swims slowly and clumsily, so it may lose out to more active species in competition for food. It is best kept in a species-specific tank or with other slow-moving goldfish varieties. These fish are social and do well in groups.

One individual requires a tank of at least 75 litres, as these fish produce large amounts of organic waste. Water parameters: temperature 18–22°C, water pH 6.5–8.0, water dH 5–20. Powerful filtration and regular water changes are essential. Avoid sharp decorations that might damage the delicate scales. Use hardy-leaved or floating plants, as these fish tend to dig in the substrate and damage tender vegetation.

They are omnivorous and need both plant-based and animal components in their diet. Because of their specific digestive system, they are prone to swim bladder problems and constipation. Use quality sinking pellets that you soak first. It is useful to occasionally add blanched vegetables to their diet, such as peas with the skin removed.

Breeding is possible in a spawning tank with a mesh on the bottom to protect the eggs. Gradually raising the water temperature stimulates spawning. After spawning, remove the parents as they will eat the eggs. Fry begin to eat live dust or specialized starter foods. The unique pearl scales begin to show at around two months of age.

This variety is prone to swim bladder disease and intestinal disorders because of its compact body. These fish are also sensitive to water quality, and poor care often leads to fin rot and other bacterial infections. Prevention involves maintaining clean water, proper feeding, and avoiding stress factors.

When buying, choose active fish with bright colour and a complete set of scales, as damaged pearls will not regenerate in their original form. Inspect the fish for signs of lethargy, fin damage, and unnatural belly bloating. It is best to buy individuals that swim normally, without tilting to the side or floating at the surface.