Gobiidae

Dragon Goby

Gobioides broussonnetii

This fish, known by several names such as "Purple Goby," Peruvian Goby, or Dragon Goby, has the scientific name Gobioides broussonnetii and belongs to the family Gobiidae. Its appearance is quite bizarre, resembling the snake-like dragons of Chinese folklore. However, despite its formidable look, its behavior is peaceful and calm.

Tank
from 450 L (119 gal)
Temperature
22 – 26 °C (72 – 79 °F)
Size in aquarium
30 – 60 cm (12 – 24 in)
Acidity
pH 7.5–9

Dangerous to small fish

Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Southeastern United States
  • Caribbean Sea area
  • Belize
  • Brazil
  • Cayman Is.
  • Colombia
  • Cuba
  • Dominican Rp
  • French Guiana
  • Guyana
  • Haiti
  • Jamaica
  • Mexico
  • Puerto Rico
  • Turks Caicos Is.
  • United States
  • Venezuela

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
22 – 26 °C (72 – 79 °F)
Water pH
Neutral (7.5) – Alkaline (9)
Water dH
Medium hardness (10) – Very hard (25)
Water salinity
wide range from ~1 to ~20 g/L
Size in aquarium
30 – 60 cm (12 – 24 in)
Lifespan
10 years
Temperament
Semi-peaceful dangerous to smaller ones
Toward small fish
a risk to small fish
Required aquarium volume
from 450 L (119 gal)
Lighting
dimmed or moderate
Substrate
fine sand
Water flow
weak or moderate
Swimming level
near the bottom
Feeding
Plant-based with meat additives
Keeping
Both solitary and in group flexible
Jumping
low
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (both solitary and in group (flexible)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

In their natural habitat, adults can reach lengths of 60 cm or more, but in aquarium conditions, their size is somewhat smaller. Sexual dimorphism in this species is weakly expressed; obvious external differences between male and female are practically absent. The fish has a long, snake-like body with a large head and a wide mouth. The dorsal fin, resembling a crest, extends along the entire length of the body. The coloration is usually gray with a bluish tint.

Habitat

This species inhabits the American continents, occupying a vast range from the southern states of the USA to the northeastern part of South America, including the Caribbean islands. It can be found everywhere, most often in the estuaries and deltas of small rivers that have brackish water and flow into the ocean.

Behavior and Compatibility

This species is characterized by a calm and non-aggressive nature. It is capable of both solitary existence and living in a group. Coexistence with other fish from brackish systems is quite possible, provided they are not overly active or too small. Although the Dragon Goby is herbivorous, there is a possibility of accidental consumption of very small tank mates.

Care and Maintenance

For this not-too-active fish, the optimal aquarium volume starts from 450 liters. For decoration, a soft sand substrate at least 7–10 cm thick is recommended, as the Peruvian Goby tends to partially burrow into the substrate. It is also advisable to create several shelters, for example, from driftwood, grottoes, or crevices formed by rock formations. A simple solution can be using a hollow plastic pipe of suitable diameter. Any plants suitable for brackish water can be used, provided they are properly adapted. One of the key difficulties in keeping this species is maintaining stable water parameters with appropriate salinity. The salt concentration should be approximately one-quarter of marine water, which corresponds to a range of 5 to 15 grams per 1 liter of water. For this reason, it is recommended to purchase equipment and life support system components designed for marine aquariums.

Diet

Despite its impressive appearance, the Dragon Goby adheres to a plant-based diet. Its diet primarily consists of filamentous algae and detritus. In a home aquarium, it can be trained to eat dry sinking foods specifically formulated on a plant basis.

Breeding and Reproduction

Breeding the Dragon Goby in aquarium conditions is extremely difficult and practically unheard of in amateur practice. In nature, this species inhabits estuaries, and the larvae develop in a marine environment, which requires a complex change in water salinity for successful reproduction. There is no reliable data on mass successful breeding in home aquariums.

Diseases

Health problems in this species can arise from prolonged exposure to unfavorable conditions or an inadequate diet. In general, however, it is a fairly hardy fish.

How to choose

When purchasing, attention should be paid to the fish's activity and the condition of its skin. Healthy individuals should show interest in foraging in the substrate, have no fin damage, ulcers, or signs of emaciation. Due to the specific keeping conditions, it is important to ensure that the fish does not appear lethargic or too thin, as Dragon Gobies often arrive for sale after long transportation and may have difficulty adapting to a typical aquarium diet.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Dragon Goby get?

An adult reaches 30–60 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Dragon Goby need?

The recommended volume is 450 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Dragon Goby need?

Temperature 22–26 °C, pH 7.5–9, hardness 10–25 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Dragon Goby live?

Around 10 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Dragon Goby aggressive?

Temperament: semi-peaceful (dangerous to smaller ones). Not a predatory species, but small fish that fit in its mouth will eventually be eaten.

How many Dragon Goby should be kept together?

Recommended setup: both solitary and in group (flexible). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Dragon Goby eat?

Diet type: plant-based with meat additives. Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Dragon Goby?

The scientific name of the species is Gobioides broussonnetii, family Gobiidae. It also appears in the literature as: Amblyopus brasiliensis, Amblyopus broussonetii, Amblyopus mexicanus.

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Other scientific names
Amblyopus brasiliensis, Amblyopus broussonetii, Amblyopus mexicanus, Cayennia guichenoti, Cepola striata, Cepola unicolor
Family
Gobiidae
Conservation status
Least concernLC