Leopard Corydoras

Adults reach about 5 cm in length. The body is light-coloured with dark markings resembling leopard spots. A similar pattern appears on the fins and tail; the dorsal fin has a large black spot. Three parallel stripes run along the sides: two are white, with one dark stripe between them. Sexual dimorphism is weak; males have more intense colouring and a noticeably larger spot on the dorsal fin.

The species is widespread in South America, inhabiting the Amazon basin in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil, and some coastal rivers of Surinam. In nature it prefers slow-flowing or stagnant waters with a silted bottom, often in areas with dense aquatic vegetation.

This is a peaceful schooling fish that does best in a group of six or more. It is active on the bottom, curious and friendly toward other tank inhabitants. It is compatible with most calm species, but should not be kept with aggressive or very large neighbours.

A school requires a tank of at least 70 L with a large bottom area. Use soft sand or fine rounded gravel without sharp edges to avoid damaging the fish's sensitive barbels. The tank needs filtration, aeration, and hiding places such as driftwood, caves, or dense plant growth. Lighting should be dimmed. Change 20–30% of the water weekly.

This is an omnivore that feeds on small invertebrates and plant detritus in nature. In the aquarium it prefers sinking specialist foods in tablet or pellet form. Vary the diet with live or frozen foods such as bloodworm, brine shrimp, or daphnia. Feed in the evening, shortly before turning off the lights.

Spawning is in pairs or groups, stimulated by frequent water changes with cool water. The female lays eggs on the substrate, often on the glass or broad plant leaves. After spawning, remove the parents as they will eat the eggs. Incubation takes 5–8 days; fry then begin to feed.

The fish are sensitive to water quality and the build-up of nitrogenous compounds, which can damage the barbels and weaken immunity. Sudden temperature swings cause stress. Poor conditions can lead to fungal infections, fin rot, and parasites. Prevention involves regular gravel siphoning and stable water parameters.

When buying, choose active fish with clean skin free of damage, sores, or coating. Check that the barbels are intact; their absence indicates poor previous care. Healthy corydoras should show interest in searching the bottom for food, not appear apathetic or emaciated.