Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)

Dark-sided Luciosoma

Luciosoma spilopleura

The fish, known scientifically as Luciosoma spilopleura, or the dark-sided luciosoma, belongs to the Carp family (Cyprinidae). The true Luciosoma spilopleura is almost never seen in the hobby: fish sold under this name are usually a larger congener. The name is often applied to closely related species, which are also called Apollo Shark and Minnow Shark.

Tank
from 250 L (66 gal)
Temperature
24 – 27 °C (75 – 81 °F)
Size in aquarium
20 – 25 cm (7.9 – 9.8 in)
Acidity
pH 6–7.5

Dangerous to small fish

Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Sumatra area
  • Kalimantan area
  • Brunei
  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Singapore
  • Thailand

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
24 – 27 °C (75 – 81 °F)
Water pH
Slightly acidic (6) – Neutral (7.5)
Water dH
Soft (4) – Hard (15)
Water salinity
no salt (freshwater)
Size in aquarium
20 – 25 cm (7.9 – 9.8 in)
Lifespan
6 years
Temperament
Semi-peaceful dangerous to smaller ones
Toward small fish
a risk to small fish
Required aquarium volume
from 250 L (66 gal)
Lighting
moderate (regular)
Substrate
sand or gravel + stones/boulders
Water flow
moderate
Feeding
High protein predominantly meat
Keeping
Schooling usually from 5–6 individuals and more
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (schooling (usually from 5–6 individuals and more)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adults can reach up to 25 cm in length. Their coloration is predominantly silvery. A distinctive feature is a dark stripe running along the lateral line and splitting at the base of the caudal fin. Sexual dimorphism is not pronounced; differences between males and females are barely noticeable.

Habitat

Its natural habitat is Southeast Asia, where it is endemic to Sumatra and Borneo. This species prefers shallow, fast-flowing rivers and streams that run through hilly or mountainous terrain. The bottom here is predominantly stony, and aquatic vegetation is mainly located along the banks.

Behavior and Compatibility

These fish prefer to live in shoals of at least 10 individuals. However, if space is limited, it is acceptable to reduce the group to five fish. They are peaceful towards their conspecifics and other large species, but any small fish could potentially become their prey.

Care and Maintenance

The dark-sided luciosoma requires a spacious aquarium, with a volume of at least 250–300 liters. This space will be sufficient for a group of 4–5 individuals. The aquarium design should include both shelters in the form of snags or dense thickets of large plants, and open swimming areas. Given their dietary characteristics, maintaining high water quality is a priority for long-term keeping. This requires a powerful filtration system and regular aquarium maintenance procedures. Such procedures include weekly partial water changes and the removal of organic waste.

Diet

The diet of these fish in natural conditions consists of various invertebrates, such as insects and their larvae, crustaceans, and worms, as well as smaller fish and fry. When kept in an aquarium, a high-protein diet including dry, frozen, and live foods should be provided.

Breeding and Reproduction

As of the publication of this article, no successful breeding cases of this species in home aquariums have been recorded.

Diseases

When proper conditions are maintained, the risk of disease is minimized. If the first signs of illness appear, it is primarily recommended to check the main hydrochemical parameters of the water, and also to ensure that the concentration of nitrogen cycle products is not exceeded. As a rule, restoring normal parameters contributes to the fish's self-recovery. However, with prolonged exposure to unfavorable factors, medicinal treatment may be required.

How to choose

When purchasing, caution should be exercised, as the name Luciosoma spilopleura is often mistakenly used in trade for other species of the genus Luciosoma. A healthy fish should have clean fins, even scales without damage or ulcers, and show activity in the water column. Avoid individuals with signs of emaciation, sunken bellies, or unnatural behavior, such as constantly staying at the bottom, which is uncharacteristic for this species. Since the fish are prone to jumping, make sure the retail aquarium has a lid, and the fish do not have head injuries from hitting the walls or lid of the tank.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Dark-sided Luciosoma get?

An adult reaches 20–25 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Dark-sided Luciosoma need?

The recommended volume is 250 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Dark-sided Luciosoma need?

Temperature 24–27 °C, pH 6–7.5, hardness 4–15 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Dark-sided Luciosoma live?

Around 6 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Dark-sided Luciosoma aggressive?

Temperament: semi-peaceful (dangerous to smaller ones). Not a predatory species, but small fish that fit in its mouth will eventually be eaten.

How many Dark-sided Luciosoma should be kept together?

Recommended setup: schooling (usually from 5–6 individuals and more). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Dark-sided Luciosoma eat?

Diet type: high protein (predominantly meat). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Dark-sided Luciosoma?

The scientific name of the species is Luciosoma spilopleura, family Cyprinids (Cyprinidae).

Similar fishes

Matched by family, categories and overlapping keeping conditions

Red-tailed Barb

Red-tailed Barb

Barbonymus altus

Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)

The Red-tailed Barb, scientifically known as Barbonymus altus, is a member of the Cyprinidae family. This hardy fish, capable of reaching 20 cm in length, fits perfectly into large aquariums. It is often chosen for…

Pike Barb

Pike Barb

Luciosoma trinema

Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)

Luciosoma trinema, or the Pike Barb, belongs to the Cyprinidae family. Its natural habitat is Southeast Asia, specifically found in the river systems of the islands of Kalimantan (Borneo) and Sumatra. These fish prefer…

Bala Shark

Bala Shark

Balantiocheilos melanopterus

Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)

The Tricolor Shark, also known as the Bala Shark, bears the scientific name Balantiocheilos melanopterus and belongs to the family Cyprinidae. Its name is due to its external resemblance to predatory sharks, although in…

Jullien's Golden Carp

Jullien's Golden Carp

Probarbus jullieni

Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)

Jullien's Golden Carp, known by its scientific name Probarbus jullieni, belongs to the family Cyprinidae, or carps. Its natural habitat includes the extensive river systems of Southeast Asia, including the Mekong and…

Other scientific names and conservation status

Luciosoma spilopleura
Sold as “apollo shark”; fish under that name are usually the related Luciosoma setigerum
Categories
Cyprinids
Conservation status
Least concernLC