Polypterus

Adult Senegal Bichirs reach approximately 50 cm in length and have an eel-like body. The massive pelvic and anal fins serve not so much for swimming as for resting on the substrate. The dorsal fin consists of several large, interconnected rays that smoothly transition into the caudal part. The fish's coloration is typically gray or pale green, resembling a swampy hue. Since this species inhabits bodies of water that periodically dry up, it has developed the ability to breathe atmospheric air. Its swim bladder is divided into two parts, one of which functions as a lung. Gills cannot fully provide the fish with oxygen, so constant access to the water surface is necessary for this species. If the body of water dries up, the Polypterus can move short distances in search of water, using its fins.

Its origin is linked to the African continent, where it can be found in the equatorial and tropical belts, spanning at least 26 countries. This fish prefers shallow waters with moderate currents, as well as swamps and freshwater lagoons. Droughts are often a part of this species' natural habitat.

Despite its predatory nature, this fish is calm and does not show aggression. The Polypterus poses a threat only to fish small enough to fit into its mouth. It is compatible with other members of its own species, as well as with large African fish, including Synodontis catfish, butterflyfish, Anabantids, and large characins.

The optimal aquarium volume for keeping a single fish starts from 500 liters. It is important to note that for this species, the bottom area is much more important than the water column height. The nocturnal lifestyle of the Senegal Bichir implies the use of dim lighting. For aquarium decoration, it is recommended to use a soft substrate and create shelters from snags and rock formations. The presence of live plants is secondary and chosen at the aquarist's discretion; shade-loving varieties should be preferred. An effective water purification system must be provided. Maintaining high water quality, in addition to equipment, includes standard care procedures: regular removal of organic waste, cleaning of glass and decorative elements, and weekly partial water changes with fresh water.

This predatory species is carnivorous. In a home aquarium, it readily accepts live foods, as well as fresh or frozen shrimp, mussels, earthworms, pieces of fish meat, and mollusks. Additionally, it can be trained to eat dry granulated foods with high protein content.

Breeding Senegal Bichirs in home aquarium conditions presents significant difficulties and is unlikely to be accessible to aquarists without sufficient experience. In their natural habitat, spawning occurs during the rainy season, where it is stimulated by a decrease in water temperature and changes in its hydrochemical composition. The male and female scatter their eggs among aquatic vegetation, after which they do not participate in the subsequent development of the offspring. Fry emerge after 3–4 days and are capable of independently feeding on small crustaceans and worms.

This species is distinguished by its hardiness and unpretentiousness. Diseases are rare and usually result from unsuitable keeping conditions.

When choosing a Polypterus, pay attention to the fish's activity and the condition of its skin. A healthy individual should show curiosity, move smoothly along the bottom, and have clean, undamaged fins without signs of growths or white film. It is important to ensure the integrity of the scales and the absence of visible wounds, as damage can be a consequence of aggression from tank mates or improper keeping conditions. — Avoid purchasing individuals with signs of emaciation, sunken bellies, or lethargic behavior. — Keep in mind that most fish for sale may be wild-caught and therefore require quarantine for several weeks to rule out parasitic infections. — Inspect the fish's eyes: they should be clear, without cloudiness, which is an indicator of overall health and water quality in the retail aquarium.