Bagridae (naked catfishes)

Reddish Mystus Catfish

Mystus nigriceps

The Reddish Mystus Catfish, scientifically known as Mystus nigriceps, belongs to the Bagridae family, or naked catfishes. This fish has long been popular with aquarists, although until the 1940s it was often mistakenly identified as Mystus micracanthus. The catfish inhabits Southeast Asia, being widely distributed throughout the vast Mekong River basin, as well as in continental Malaysia and Indonesia.

Tank
from 250 L (66 gal)
Temperature
20 – 26 °C (68 – 79 °F)
Size in aquarium
15 – 19 cm (5.9 – 7.5 in)
Acidity
pH 6–7

Dangerous to small fish

Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Mekong River Basin
  • Southeast Asia area
  • Cambodia
  • Indonesia
  • Laos
  • Malaysia
  • Singapore
  • Thailand

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
20 – 26 °C (68 – 79 °F)
Water pH
Slightly acidic (6) – Neutral (7)
Water dH
Soft (5) – Very hard (19)
Water salinity
no salt (freshwater)
Size in aquarium
15 – 19 cm (5.9 – 7.5 in)
Lifespan
8 years
Temperament
Semi-peaceful dangerous to smaller ones
Toward small fish
a risk to small fish
Required aquarium volume
from 250 L (66 gal)
Lighting
dimmed
Substrate
any (no restrictions)
Water flow
weak or moderate
Feeding
Meat with plant additives omnivores
Keeping
Small group 3–4 individuals
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (small group (3–4 individuals)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adult specimens typically do not exceed 19 cm in length, though in aquarium conditions they more often grow up to 15 cm. The genus name Mystus goes back to the Greek mystax, "moustache", referring to the catfish's long and very sensitive barbels. The body coloration is reddish, complemented by two large black spots: one located just behind the gills, and the second at the base of the tail.

Habitat

The Reddish Mystus inhabits Southeast Asia, including the Mekong River basin, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In nature, this species inhabits lowland rivers, streams, and peat swamps. The fish prefer areas with soft substrate where they can actively feed and burrow.

Behavior and Compatibility

By nature, this species is peaceful, not prone to aggression, and lacks territorial claims. It coexists well with other aquarium inhabitants of comparable size. The Reddish Mystus Catfish prefers to live in a group of its own kind. It is important to consider the feeding habits of this catfish: it is omnivorous and not picky about food, which can lead to the accidental consumption of smaller aquarium neighbors. Thus, any fish small enough to fit into its mouth is at risk.

Care and Maintenance

For keeping 3–4 catfish, an aquarium of at least 250 liters is considered optimal. The fish is undemanding regarding keeping conditions, provided that hydrochemical parameters and temperature remain within acceptable limits. Aquarium decor also does not play a decisive role. However, it should be noted that some aquarists have observed the catfish's ability to uproot poorly rooted plants. This usually happens when the fish is searching for food in the bottom layers. Being an omnivorous species, the catfish is not picky about food and readily picks up anything edible it finds on the bottom. It is worth noting separately that smaller fish, including fry, may accidentally become part of its diet.

Diet

This species is omnivorous and not particularly finicky about food, readily consuming anything it can find on the bottom. As mentioned earlier, it is not excluded that smaller fish and fry may also become part of its diet.

Breeding and Reproduction

Reliable information on captive breeding is unavailable. All specimens presented in the aquarium trade are wild-caught. Biologically, the species is oviparous, and a distinct spawning process characteristic of the Bagridae family is presumed, but successful cases of offspring production in aquarium conditions have not been documented.

Diseases

No diseases that affect only this species have been described. Under suitable conditions — clean water, a balanced diet and calm tank mates — health problems usually do not arise. The most common cause of illness is a decline in conditions: it weakens the immune system, and the fish becomes vulnerable to infections that are always present in an aquarium. At the first signs of trouble — lethargy, wasting, refusal of food or clamped fins — check the basic water parameters and the levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate first. Restoring acceptable conditions often lets the fish recover on its own. Catfish of this group have naked, scaleless skin and are therefore more sensitive to medication than most aquarium fish. Products based on malachite green and copper should be used with care and at about half the dose stated on the packaging.

How to choose

When purchasing, it should be noted that this species is a predator and may pose a threat to small aquarium inhabitants. Healthy specimens should show activity during twilight hours, have clean skin without visible ulcers, coatings, or fin damage. It is recommended to avoid purchasing emaciated fish, as many specimens for sale are wild-caught and may be weakened by transportation.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Reddish Mystus Catfish get?

An adult reaches 15–19 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Reddish Mystus Catfish need?

The recommended volume is 250 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Reddish Mystus Catfish need?

Temperature 20–26 °C, pH 6–7, hardness 5–19 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Reddish Mystus Catfish live?

Around 8 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Reddish Mystus Catfish aggressive?

Temperament: semi-peaceful (dangerous to smaller ones). Not a predatory species, but small fish that fit in its mouth will eventually be eaten.

How many Reddish Mystus Catfish should be kept together?

Recommended setup: small group (3–4 individuals). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Reddish Mystus Catfish eat?

Diet type: meat with plant additives (omnivores). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Reddish Mystus Catfish?

The scientific name of the species is Mystus nigriceps, family Bagridae (naked catfishes). It also appears in the literature as: Bagrus micracanthus, Bagrus nigriceps, Hypselobagrus micracanthus.

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Other scientific names
Bagrus micracanthus, Bagrus nigriceps, Hypselobagrus micracanthus, Hypselobagrus nigriceps, Mystus micracanthus
Categories
Catfish
Conservation status
Least concernLC