Schilbeid Catfishes (Schilbeidae)

Silver Catfish

Schilbe mystus

The Striped Schilbe, also known as the Silver Catfish (scientific name Schilbe mystus), belongs to the family Schilbeidae, or Schilbeid Catfishes. In some regions, it is called the African Butter Catfish. In its natural habitat, this fish is valued as an important commercial species, although it is less commonly used as an ornamental fish. Nevertheless, due to its unpretentiousness, omnivorous diet, and calm disposition, this catfish is often kept in aquariums.

Tank
from 400 L (106 gal)
Temperature
23 – 27 °C (73 – 81 °F)
Size in aquarium
40 cm (16 in)
Acidity
pH 6–8

Dangerous to small fish

Natural rangeRange on the map
  • West Africa area
  • Benin
  • Burkina Faso
  • Cameroon
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • Congo Dem Rp
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • Egypt
  • Ethiopia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Liberia
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Senegal
  • Sierra Leone
  • South Sudan
  • Sudan
  • Togo
  • Uganda

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
23 – 27 °C (73 – 81 °F)
Water pH
Slightly acidic (6) – Slightly alkaline (8)
Water dH
Soft (5) – Very hard (20)
Water salinity
no salt (freshwater)
Size in aquarium
40 cm (16 in)
Lifespan
7 years
Temperament
Semi-peaceful dangerous to smaller ones
Toward small fish
a risk to small fish
Required aquarium volume
from 400 L (106 gal)
Lighting
dimmed or moderate
Substrate
any (no restrictions)
Water flow
none or stagnant (no flow)
Feeding
Any (universal)
Keeping
Mixed solitary / pair / group
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (mixed (solitary / pair / group)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adults of this species can grow up to 40 cm in length. Young catfish are characterized by a light silvery body coloration. Over time, their coloration darkens, the upper part of the body becomes gray, and a characteristic pattern of contrasting stripes appears along the lateral line. The belly remains light. The fish has a large, high-bodied physique. Its fins are short, with the exception of the anal fin, which extends like a ribbon from the base of the tail to the middle of the body.

Habitat

This catfish originates from the African continent. It can be found in the Nile River basin, as well as in the water systems of West Africa. It inhabits a variety of biotopes, living in rivers, lakes, and swamps. It prefers areas with stagnant water or slow-moving currents, where abundant aquatic vegetation is present.

Behavior and Compatibility

This catfish is usually active at night or in the evening. Its greatest activity is observed after the aquarium lights are turned off. It prefers to stay near the bottom and seeks shelter during the day. Being an omnivorous species, it can potentially eat smaller aquarium inhabitants. Otherwise, it is distinguished by a peaceful and calm disposition.

Care and Maintenance

The Striped Schilbe requires a spacious aquarium, with a volume of 400 to 500 liters. Although the decor is not critical, it is important to provide shelters of appropriate size for the fish. These can be decorative elements, large snags, or any other natural or artificial decor. Water parameters such as pH and GH can be within a fairly wide range. A comfortable temperature for keeping them is 23–27°C, with small permissible deviations. Aquarium maintenance is standard: weekly partial water changes with fresh water, removal of accumulated waste, and regular equipment prophylaxis. In its natural environment, this species feeds on almost any food it can swallow, including small fish, insects, shrimp, snails, as well as plant seeds and fallen fruits. In aquarium conditions, its diet can consist of a variety of popular foods: dry, frozen, or live.

Diet

In the wild, this species feeds on almost anything it can swallow: from small fish, insects, shrimp, and snails to plant seeds and fallen fruits. In a home aquarium, it can be fed any available food, be it dry, frozen, or live.

Breeding and Reproduction

In natural conditions, reproduction occurs during the rainy season, often accompanied by upstream migrations. These catfish lay their eggs on plants but do not care for either the clutch or the offspring. Cases of successful breeding of Silver Catfish in home aquariums have not yet been recorded.

Diseases

The species is highly sensitive to water quality; bacterial infections are possible if keeping conditions are violated. Larvae and juveniles are particularly prone to dropsy, for the prevention of which daily significant water changes and maintaining cleanliness are required. When handling the fish, caution should be exercised: the pectoral fins have sharp venomous rays, stings from which cause severe pain and prolonged tissue swelling.

How to choose

When selecting specimens, attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the skin and the absence of damage, as any wounds quickly become infected. Healthy fish should be active, have clear eyes, and tightly pressed fins. Avoid specimens with signs of emaciation or an unnatural coating on the body. Given their secretive lifestyle, fish may hide in the store, so it is important to assess their reaction during feeding.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Silver Catfish get?

An adult reaches 40 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Silver Catfish need?

The recommended volume is 400 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Silver Catfish need?

Temperature 23–27 °C, pH 6–8, hardness 5–20 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Silver Catfish live?

Around 7 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Silver Catfish aggressive?

Temperament: semi-peaceful (dangerous to smaller ones). Not a predatory species, but small fish that fit in its mouth will eventually be eaten.

How many Silver Catfish should be kept together?

Recommended setup: mixed (solitary / pair / group). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Silver Catfish eat?

Diet type: any (universal). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Silver Catfish?

The scientific name of the species is Schilbe mystus, family Schilbeid Catfishes (Schilbeidae). It also appears in the literature as: Bagrus adansonii, Bagrus depressirostris, Bagrus schilbeides.

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Other scientific names
Bagrus adansonii, Bagrus depressirostris, Bagrus schilbeides, Bagrus schilbeoides, Bagrus schilboides, Eutropius adansonii
Categories
Catfish
Conservation status
Least concernLC