Poeciliidae

Dominican Limia

Limia perugiae

The Dominican Limia, scientifically known as Limia perugiae, belongs to the family Poeciliidae, also known as livebearers. As its name suggests, this fish is native to Central America. It is known as an endemic species, found only in some river systems in the south of the Dominican Republic. Its preferred habitats are shallow areas densely overgrown with aquatic plants. These fish thrive in both freshwater and brackish water bodies.

Tank
from 40 L (11 gal)
Temperature
24 – 28 °C (75 – 82 °F)
Size in aquarium
5 cm (2 in)
Acidity
pH 6.8–8
Natural rangeRange on the map
  • Hispaniola area
  • Dominican Republic

Tank conditions

Plan the tank stocking
Temperature
24 – 28 °C (75 – 82 °F)
Water pH
Neutral (6.8) – Slightly alkaline (8)
Water dH
Medium hardness (10) – Very hard (20)
Water salinity
low (3–5 g/L)
Size in aquarium
5 cm (2 in)
Lifespan
4 years
Temperament
Peaceful (regular)
Toward small fish
not a predator
Required aquarium volume
from 40 L (11 gal)
Lighting
dimmed
Substrate
any (no restrictions)
Water flow
weak or moderate
Swimming level
middle level
Feeding
Any (universal)
Keeping
Mixed solitary / pair / group
Jumping
low
  • Lifespan. A lifespan to expect under good care, not a measured value: it depends heavily on tank volume, water quality and diet — and for selectively bred forms, on their origin as well.
  • Toward small fish. Based on the Predators category in the catalog or the temperament in the species parameters. “A risk to small fish” means the species is not a predator by habit, yet will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth.
  • Required aquarium volume. This is a husbandry recommendation, not a measured value: the volume depends on the keeping mode (mixed (solitary / pair / group)), footprint, decor and tank mates.

Care and keeping

Description

Adults reach 4–5 cm in length, with instances of specimens up to 10 cm found in the wild. Interestingly, the body shape and coloration of these fish are highly dependent on the water's salinity level. At higher salt concentrations, the fish become smaller and acquire more saturated coloration. In brackish water, their body becomes more streamlined, and the head becomes more rounded. The coloration of males varies from gray-brown, with noticeable blue iridescence on the scales. Their dorsal and caudal fins often have a pale yellow or orange hue, accentuated by a black outline. Some males may display a striped pattern. Females are usually colored in yellow-gray-brown tones with a silvery belly. Their fins are translucent, and a characteristic black speckle can often be seen at the base of the dorsal fin.

Habitat

The Dominican Limia is endemic to the island of Hispaniola and primarily inhabits water bodies in the Dominican Republic. These fish populate various types of freshwater and brackish water bodies, including rivers, streams, lagoons, and even hypersaline lakes. They prefer areas with slow currents, dense aquatic vegetation, and warm water.

Behavior and Compatibility

These peaceful and active fish often form large schools in their natural habitat. They are quite compatible with many other non-aggressive species of comparable size.

Care and Maintenance

For a group of 4–5 fish, aquariums of 40 L or more will be optimal. The decor can be arbitrary, but dense thickets of plants, including floating ones, are highly desirable. The Dominican Limia prefers warm, hard water with high pH values and feels good in a brackish environment. Aquarium care is quite simple and involves regular partial water changes with fresh water, usually combined with the removal of accumulated organic debris. These fish are omnivorous and readily accept various foods: dry, frozen, and live, if they are of suitable size.

Diet

Being omnivorous, these fish equally enthusiastically consume dry, frozen, and live foods of suitable size. The gestation period lasts from 4 to 6 weeks. The number of offspring a female can produce increases with her age. One female can give birth to 10 to 100 fry.

Breeding and Reproduction

The fry of these fish are born fully formed, bypassing the egg stage, which is characteristic of livebearing species. The incubation period usually lasts 4–6 weeks. Interestingly, the older the female, the more offspring she is capable of producing. The number of fry born can range from 10 to 100 individuals.

Diseases

The species has strong immunity if kept under proper conditions. Like other Poeciliidae, these fish are sensitive to sudden changes in water parameters and organic pollution in the aquarium. The main preventive measures are regular water changes, maintaining stable hardness and pH levels, and avoiding overpopulation. If the keeping conditions are violated, skin and fin lesions caused by bacterial infections or parasites are possible.

How to choose

When selecting individuals, attention should be paid to the fish's activity and the cleanliness of their skin. Healthy Limias should be active, show interest in their surroundings, and have a solid body without visible deformities, ulcers, or white spots. The fins should be spread out, with no signs of damage or clumping. It is recommended to avoid purchasing fish that stay at the surface, breathe heavily, or appear emaciated.

Compatibility

There are no pair reviews for this species yet — check tankmates in the matcher.

All tankmates

Plants and this fish

Matching water does not mean the plant will stay intact.

Frequently asked questions

The essentials: size, tank volume, water parameters and care

How big does Dominican Limia get?

An adult reaches 5 cm in length. Plan the tank around the maximum size: the fish quickly outgrows a cramped setup.

What size aquarium does Dominican Limia need?

The recommended volume is 40 L. A smaller tank speeds up nitrate build-up and raises stress levels.

What water parameters does Dominican Limia need?

Temperature 24–28 °C, pH 6.8–8, hardness 10–20 dGH. Stability matters more than exact values: sudden swings are harder on the fish than a small deviation from the ideal.

How long does Dominican Limia live?

Around 4 years when kept properly. Lifespan depends directly on tank volume, water quality and a varied diet.

Is Dominican Limia aggressive?

Temperament: peaceful (regular). Keep this in mind when choosing tank mates.

How many Dominican Limia should be kept together?

Recommended setup: mixed (solitary / pair / group). Ignoring this is a common cause of stress and disease.

What does Dominican Limia eat?

Diet type: any (universal). Feed small portions that are finished within a couple of minutes — overfeeding does more harm than underfeeding.

What is the scientific name of Dominican Limia?

The scientific name of the species is Limia perugiae, family Poeciliidae. It also appears in the literature as: Platypoecilus perugiae, Poecilia perugiae.

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Other scientific names and conservation status

Other scientific names
Platypoecilus perugiae, Poecilia perugiae
Conservation status
Least concernLC